Sources of conflict in order of frequency:

1. schedules
2. priorities
3. resources
4. technical opinions
5. administrative procedures
6. cost
7. personality (7th!?)

• McGregor’s Theory X – people are lazy and dislike work, therefore they must be watched closed and micromanaged;
• McGregor’s Theory Y – people enjoy work and are self motivated;
• Maslow’s …
• McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory – Achievement, Affiliation, Power;
• Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors Theory – poor hygiene factors destroy motivation;
• Ouchi’s Theory Z – a job for life increases loyalty (!?);
• Contingency theory – the effectiveness of a leader’s management style is dependent upon the situation;
• Vroom’s Expectancy theory – the intensity of work effort depends on the perception that an individual’s effort will result in a desired outcome.